Author: Publica

The Latin American community is not a single monolithic group; instead, it reflects the diversity of the continent’s colonization and is part of our past and present. Today in the United States, the Latin community demonstrates racial diversity and distinctive heritages. The native population is still strong with their traditions and language, Afro-descendants are reclaiming their narrative and struggles, and Euro-descendants, take advantage of a white supremacist society to move ahead.

In understanding the Latin American Community, we need to be aware that we are talking about populations first under Spanish rule and later under the U.S. (English) control either through invasion or purchase. In this expansion driven by the ideas of Manifest Destiny, many indigenous populations were subsumed under new colonizers.

According to the historian Dr. Cristina Mora who wrote “Making Hispanics,” previously disparate groups, including Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and Cubans were categorized under the racial group as “white” or “Black.” However, due to their segmentation, the groups lacked any political representation for individuals whose first language was Spanish. A group of influential leaders from the community realized that combining the groups could lead to significant economic and political power. They decided that the term “Hispanic,” a descendant of Spanish, could reflect the entire community’s name. The U.S. government first used the term Hispanic in the 1970s. Notably, this occurred under the administration of Republican President Richard Nixon.  

Creating the term “Hispanics” was an effort to consolidate a diverse community into a single label. Thus, several inroads were made to expand their base with the group of “Spanish Speakers” that were also diverse and fast-growing. After the 1990s, the term “Latin/Latino” became more heavily utilized in recognition that not all people are considered descendants of Spanish. 

White, Black, and Brown?

“Brown people” or “la raza” has become a coded way to identify the Latin community. However, as should be abundantly clear, the Latin community does not reflect just a one-color group. Regardless, colorism is still at work in silence and benefits the group in power. The darker you are, the more invisible you will be. The Latin community is not immune to white supremacy; color matters. Let’s look at the primary news anchors, social media, or entertainment. This group of Latinos is in the majority of positions of power and prestige. This is because in the rules of the white society, they are the ones who are welcome. 

But what about the indigenous and Afro descendants who are also part of the Latin community? They are foundational to the community and are often the least visible when it comes to leadership positions. However, indigenous and Afro descendants are the first mentioned when it comes to economic problems, migrations, and criminality. They suffer double discrimination from white Anglos and the white Latinos. Indigenous people are forced into silence from their suffering through colonization, stolen land, and impoverishment. Afro-descendants are forced to be silent about their ancestors’ enslavement when Europeans robbed and enslaved them in Latin America.

English, Spanish, or Native languages?

The question arises about what language represents the Latin Community. The recognition that Spanish or English are European languages clarifies that speaking one or both does not mean we are European descendants. Instead, the consequences of colonization are still present in our societies today. For many and new generations, the language is not a reference to ethnicity because indigenous languages and cultures were forcibly removed and not taught by the school system; for example, indigenous people from the United States who speak English are not considered English descendants. Why is it that indigenous people who speak Spanish are considered Latin? The term is another mechanism to put everyone in a box without understanding who we are. Individuals who migrated here also speak Nahuatl, K’iche, Qichwa, Aimara, or other native American languages and subsequently raised their children in bicultural homes.

Does this story surprise you regarding the Latin community? We all need to read more about Latin American history and colonization to unpack what some labels have aimed to hide.

Yenny Delgado  (she/her/ella) Psychologist and contextual theologian. She writes about the intersections between politics and faith. 

Dawn Wooten, a nurse at the Irwin County Detention Center in Georgia, made the shocking claim that there was “jarring medical neglect” and questionably high numbers of hysterectomies, forced sterilization, in ICE detention centers.

Forced sterilization is not new. However, the behavior and treatment of immigrants by the Trump Administration ask pointed questions behind the rhetoric of being “Pro-Life.” What is disturbing is that the government ordered and financed sterilization on native Americans (all individuals who have indigenous ancestors) from countries including Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, and Honduras.

Over the last 100 years of US history, the country has a remarkably poor record of human rights when it comes to reproductive freedom:

• Buck versus Bell – The US Supreme Court upheld compulsory sterilization of the “unfit,” including the intellectually disabled (1927).
• The Indian Health Service in the 1960s and 1970s performed forced sterilizations with estimates of close to 25% of Native women. 
• Sterilization of African Americans was also considerably higher than the rate of European Americans

For an Administration that proclaims to be Pro-Life and received the blessing of majority-white women and evangelicals voters, the actions do not seem to fit congruently with professed beliefs. This disconnect between proclamations and activities in this Administration is not new. The treatment of undocumented immigrants and individuals seeking asylum has been abysmal under the Trump administration, including:

• A policy of family separation at the border.
• Metering policy in cooperation with Mexico to prevent the legal request for asylum.
• Shocking levels of child abuse of boys and girls in detention centers 
• Deportation of parents and put children in foster families.

Recently we heard about the chilling complaint of forced sterilization, but what else could be happening in these detention centers? This Administration is adamant about its purest disdain of Native Americans and is pursuing policies straight out of the Eugenics and white supremacy handbook to suppress their population.  

In my home country of Peru, a policy of massive forced sterilization of indigenous women was undertaken under President Alberto Fujimori. Nearly 350,000 women and 25,000 men were sterilized under the guise of “population control,” most of the victims were from indigenous communities. The sterilizations had a chilling effect on future generations for the native populations and the culture – as the state-sanctioned murder of indigenous further dehumanizes our presence in society.  

An individual’s body should not be subject to government pleasure and decision. That someone eliminates a part of your body to prevent you from having a child is not only an abuse of power – it represents the purest form of evil. As long as we continue to think that the woman’s body is the government’s property, we will never be a truly free society with equality and equity.  

Sterilizing women without consent is an evil practice, and it is antithetical to the ideas of being “Pro-Life.”  

Where do you stand?

Yenny Delgado (she/her/ ella)  Social psychologist and contextual theologian. She writes about the intersections between politics and faith. 

My brothers and sisters let me say that I know this feeling. I know what it’s like to serve with others and not feel included. I know what it’s like to be overlooked in ministry, bypassed for opportunities, and sometimes left alone as a minister.

I know this feeling Preacher; you will feel abandoned in ministry. I will not attempt to play down YOUR experience or be over-spiritual about what you’ve gone through or are going through. Ministry is not an easy life to live.

You will have some friends for life and some seasonal friends for certain terrains to get you through. YOUR process is YOURS.

Never compare your growth or development to another preacher. All preachers are in Jesus’s hands. There is no way around it…

Yet, what you may need in a pastor is not going to be a delightful undertaking. Pastors are people too. They have their own struggles and tensions in life.

Pastors deal with a lot, and each pastor is given a measure of faith, and only God knows the amount. You know this, YOU are not accessible to a pastor. Accept that as well. You have things about you that you are wrestling with daily, within, and without. You have doubts and fears too. Yet you still need a pastor Life will send you persons who will walk with you up to a certain point in your life. Everybody is not equipped to cross your finish line with you, accept that, and digest that truth. Yet you need a pastor! Every preacher needs roots.

Roots that can be transplanted in different soils take making sure that the inside of you is rooted and grounded in liberating theological truth. You need to make sure that daily you spend time in your devotion to your own spiritual well-fare. You must take responsibility for your own liberating theological education and development.

You need to empower your theological underpinnings with a genuine black scholarship that challenges you to think and grow in diverse ways. You must divest or remove as much white theological pollution that has plagued your biblical understanding and interpretations. You must have a Pastor who reads deeper than superficial jargon.

You need a Pastor who can convey the incredible truths that will guide and guard your life. You need a Pastor who reads! You must find yourself, your gifts, and your gauges. You must be honest with yourself about you, your fears, your frustrations, and your own heartaches. You must get a grip on you, the real you. Yet you will need a Pastor that will love you, guide, invest in you, and help carry you when you don’t know you need to be carried and supported. You need a pastor who will take some heat and apply some heat too.

You must strive to be a widely read preacher that brings more to the discussion of liberating those who are pushed to the very slim margins of life. You must look at yourself and accept the unique gifts God has given you to do the work of the Lord. There is a significant tragedy in not having a Pastor.

Let me say it like this; you will be hurt, lost, disoriented, fumbling, broken, doubtful, misdirected, used, abused, discarded, cast aside, not included, open doorless, never trusted, tossed about, always looked at with suspicion, and the list goes on.

Find you a Pastor, get your roots watered and your unfruitful limbs pruned, so you can bear more and more fruit!

Paris Smith, Pastor at Mount Carmel Baptist Church. Washington D.C.

By Paris Smith

Dear preachers, our lives are continually struggling to handle the brokenness of humanity. We are expected to be the primary dispensers of hope, courage, love, grace, healing, balms, and reconciliation. Yet many of us if not all of us have to deal with our own brokenness. A broken preacher hurts deep in silence. A broken preacher has anxiety issues that plague them every day. A broken preacher has crushed dreams, banished hopes, crashed ambitions, and disrupted passions. 

A broken preacher trust nobody!!! 

A broken preacher bleeds when they meet and reach. A broken preacher refuses to fellowship with other preachers, distance themselves from clergy events, and avoid gathering other preachers. A broken preacher lives in isolation in the public marketplace. A broken preacher is sapped of their passion for ministry. A broken preacher sees the church from a problematic lens. That troublesome lens is self-discovery. 

A broken preacher develops a critical eye for everything wrong with the institutional church because they know that they were more of the problem and not a negotiating agent for the human frailty the church is tasked with. A broken preacher develops a personal grudge against the church. They are mad as hell because their own liberation motif for ministry is often side-lined by egomaniacal desires. They feel as though somebody owes them an exalted rank and privilege. They seek to gain power, prestige, prominence, platforms, and peacock parading to celebrate them and their accomplishments. However, a broken preacher can be healed and delivered from their own self-destruction. A broken preacher begins the long process of healing once they reflect upon the call upon their lives. 

Moving from a broken preacher to healing preacher 

Often preachers forget that a surrendered life is one that is lost unto the Lordship of Christ. Preachers cannot avoid being broken. Our oil comes out best when we are broken-open to be poured out by God. We have fuel for the salvation of humanity. We are pitchers in the hands of a God who decides when and where we are to empty for the divine purposes to which we are called to do. Our walk is not designed to plagiarize another preacher’s work. 

We are to learn from each other, not steal from each other. Laziness produces a pathetic preacher. A broken preacher who is healing is a reading preacher who is feeding! 

The anointing cannot flow through a preacher if the preacher’s mind is empty from a lack of scholarship and devotional Bible reading. The preacher must read widely and not wildly or wickedly. Too much unethical binge-watching, idle foolishness, flirting with meandering thoughts, undisciplined proclivities, engaging in messiness, is not suitable for a preacher’s mind, soul, spirit, body, finances, etc. The healing preacher seeks wise counsel, good fellowships, avoids the political nets of religiosity, gets on a diet. 

A real diet is controlling everything they consume and associate with. The healing preacher no longer lives in isolation. The healing preacher chooses wisely what “preacher company” to keep and what preacher company to be gentle with. The healing preacher has a preacher mentor, a pastoral mentor, and life mentors from all genders. 

A healing preacher renews their academic exposure by attending and participating in new aspects of ministry renewal yearly. A healing preacher gets “rest!” a healing preacher takes time away from all their busyness. A healing preacher goes on sabbatical. A healing preacher gains security again back into the call of God on their lives. 

A healing preacher is freed to be transparent about their journey. A healing preacher is always in the state of healing. They never brag about their “arrival.” God will use a healing preacher without any apology. A healing preacher never walks alone! 

I love you, preacher!

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Paris Smith

 Pastor at Mount Carmel Baptist Church. Washington D.C.

By Yenny Delgado

In light of the recent Supreme Court Decision that prevented the Trump administration from revoking the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) policy due to failure to provide adequate justification, immigration is back on the top of everyone’s mind.  Questions of the border and, more particular, the US Southern Border have come into sharper focus.  Moreover, as we enter another intense, it is clear that President Trump will aim to use immigration and the Southern Border as another wedge issue to encourage voters to support his re-election.  This paper reflects on the United States’ southern border a ponders its symbology and proposes a re-examination of how Christians should view the border in light of the gospel.

The border has unique symbolism and conjures thoughts of protection, filtration, separation, or insulation from danger. Borders are a critical part of the functional integrity of a country and allow for governments to track commerce, register individuals, and provide a line in the sand for defense. These edges offer a first boundary upon which the country is established and to which individuals are considered residents and citizens and receive inherent benefits. Throughout the history of the United States, the border has been in flux – enlarged through purchases, wars, and invasion.

Unfortunately, much of the debate around the border and immigration has been overly simplified, for far too long. From the four boundaries, the country has chosen its southern border as the primary threat. The US focuses on the 1,954-mile southern border with Mexico and not much attention to the 5,525-mile border to the north with Canada and minimal attention in the press or public regarding the Pacific Cost border or Atlantic Cost border. 

With the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States in 2016, there has been a renewed scrutiny of the Southern Border when he promised that he would “build a great wall on our southern border, and I’ll have Mexico pay for that wall.” In the intervening year, it is clear that Mexico is not paying for the construction of a wall on the southern border, and the building has been slow. 

Historical Context of the Border

The southern border has changed from the times of the colonies through expanding territory under the auspices of Manifest Destiny, with the contemporary edge established in 1853. Over the intervening years, the regulation to cross the border has changed. People living on the border in areas such as Texas often say, “we didn’t cross the border. The border crossed us.” Families who were never planning to be in the United States became part of the country because of the border change in the 19th century.  However, migration to the US has also been, in large part, motivated by the need for labor in the growing US economy, especially in the agricultural and low-skill sectors. 

At the start of the Second World War, the US started the “Braceros” program that provided legal migration for farmworkers up until the 1960s. This program allowed farmers to migrate to the US during the planting and harvest and then return home to live with their families.

Today, similar applications exist, such as the H-2A Temporary Agricultural Workers visa; however, there is a desire for jobs from people south of the border and the need for labor in the US. Thus, one of the significant drivers for migrants is for improved economic opportunity compared to stagnant growth and opportunity in one’s home country. Individuals risk their lives to cross the border without proper documentation in isolated desert locations to work at jobs for half the pay, no health coverage, and toxic chemicals and pesticide exposure in positions that most US citizens do not want. The national narrative does not focus on industrious migrants looking for improved opportunities at life, but primarily on the cases of violence or criminal activity perpetrated by immigrants and has given rise to a desire of greater border security.

Historically walls were built for protection and to signify to the inhabitants that they were protected. However, the US government is building a wall in an era when they are primarily being destroyed and torn down. In fact, during the 1980s the US President Reagan chided the Soviets to tear down the Berlin Wall as antiquated and for impinging upon freedoms. The argument currently used for the construction of the wall is based on the need to respect the current laws of the land and preservation of the already prevailing cultural norms. 

Theological Response

President Trump realizes their religiosity is crucial to his sustained political power, and through tweets and staged photos caters to this part of the electorate. Concerning the building of border walls, there is not one strict interpretation of Christian scripture or from Christian ethicists and scholars of the past.  

Jesus taught his disciples in Mark 12:31, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself. There is no other commandment greater than these.”

The emphasis that Jesus places on the importance of the right relationship with the neighbor is clear. In the parable of the Good Samaritan, Jesus helps provide further context to the call of neighborly love by confirming that the right neighbor is the one they showed mercy. How can we say we love our neighbor if we are building a dividing wall between ourselves and them? 

Which country can have confidence in the relationship with a country that aims to build the longest wall on the continent to prevent or select their neighbors from entering? If the border is the limit or filter, we are showing that not every human being is equal or has intrinsic value; and it is contradictory to a Christian view of creation in which all humans were made in God’s image. 

However, with the construction of borders and harsh regulations, individuals from other countries are dehumanized and are treated only as disposable parts of the economy, for harvesting crops. Though this may be an economic argument for such border protections, it does not square with a Christian understanding of our relationship with our neighbor as described above. Ethicist, Luke Bretherton of Duke Divinity propose viewing the border with countries as equivalent to a face. In his philosophical construction: 

“Borders are a means of framing and structuring this relationship and orientating a nation to  the rest of the world in a way that presents an enquiring, confident, hospitable face rather than either a closed, insular, hostile face turning away from the relationship with the poor and vulnerable or a hopeless…” 

If we embrace the construct of the face, it leads to the question of what face do we show our neighbors to the south through building a high-tech wall and militarizing the southern border.  

Building oppressive militarized borders would not be comprehensible with an understanding of Loving God of all creation and the sanctity of all life. Borders are already delimited, but building a physical wall is a step towards not only aggression but of separation and is contradictory to the message of the Gospels. 

The United States is known to many neighbors in the south, not for liberal democratic values but as an oppressive empire that protects corporate interests and dictators. The US has intervened in Latin American countries over 35 times, and unfortunately construction of a militarized border wall goes further to cement the concept of a nasty neighbor. 

We need to re-conceptualize our idea of borders in the country. Using the framework of Bretherton’s idea of borders as a face, I think that the United States can better serve its citizens and neighbors as a positive force. The southern border should be a symbol of unity with our neighbors.

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Yenny Delgado (she/her/ Ella)  

Social psychologist and contextual theologian. She writes about the intersections between politics, faith, and resistance. Follow me on twitter @yennydc

By Yenny Delgado

As a result of the largely peaceful protest throughout the globe as a result of the murder of George Floyd, Christian leaders are being forced to address the issues of anti-black racism and white supremacy in the church. For many congregations, the response has done one or all of the following actions:

1. Placing a Black Lives Matter banner in front of the sanctuary;
2. Books Club from authors including Robin D’Angelo, Ibram X. Kendi, and Michelle Alexander 
3. Develop spaces, albeit virtually, to honestly discuss history, current events, and hopefully a future way forward.  

In one discussion, European American Pastor Louie Giglio from the Atlanta Megachurch Passion City had a conversation with the African American rapper Lecrae Moor and the European American Chick-fil-A chief executive Dan Cathy. In this discussion, he said the following words:  

“But I want to flip that upside down because I think the other side of it is true with our nation’s history. We understand the curse that was slavery, white people do, and we say, ‘that was bad,’ but we miss the blessing of slavery that built up the framework for the world that white people live in.”

In this one phrase, the Pastor’s theology is made clear. He connected the dehumanization of others through chattel slavery as a blessing; Pastor Giglio reminded his audience of the real attention of many churches and Christian leaders when it comes to deal with the sins of the past. Moreover, his framing of slavery as a blessing is not a new concept but harkens to Europeans’ original views that arrived on this continent. Upon arrival, they viewed the land as a new start and an opportunity to live out their faith and truth. In the early 1500s, the majority of people living in Europe were poor farmers, uneducated, and living under fear as such America represented an opportunity to restart in “virgin land”.

“Every activity, personal and communal, was irreducibly part of the holy war against Satan and the infidels. The aristocracy of saints had to work ceaselessly at this critical moment to make the present world as solemnly and gloriously Christian as it could be. One result was to put great emphasis on the purity of the community, on always determining who was inside and outside, on eliminating deviance.”  

Christians had constructed an image of God who blessed them to maintain purity and not intermingle with others. After removing the native populations through an orchestrated genocide, Europeans began enslaving Africans to work the land. The enslaved primarily formed the nation’s economic backbone and led to the development of modern capitalism and wealth around the cotton trade. As explained by Sven Beckert, this business increased wealth and resources. Due to economic growth, churches began to flourish, and new denominations arrived and grew along with the growth of slavery.  

Growing denominations throughout the country were linked with the objectification of Africans through chattel slavery. As an audit of the Princeton Theological Seminary and its interaction with slavery reported in 2019, “several of its founders and prominent leaders were entangled with slavery and even employed slave labor themselves.” Enslavement of people with dark skin was a regulation encoded by the law and supported by theological text from some verses from the Old Testament where slavery was practiced.

After independence, some denominations, such as the Quakers, spoke out against slavery, but most churches chose to address only “spiritual matters” and concentrated on maintaining the system. Dr. Yolanda Pierce, Dean of Divinity School at Howard University, states, “So much of early American Christian identity is predicated on a proslavery theology. From the naming of the slave ships to who sponsored some of these journeys including some churches, to the fact that so much of these journeys including some churches.” 

Now in June 2020, a Christian Pastor once again proposes to formulate that idea of slavery as overall beneficial to “white people.” Indeed, he is right – through dehumanization and murder, one can become extremely wealthy and build an unequal society; this is the story of European descendants in the United States. 

However, as Christians, we need not mince words with blessing or privilege. The way the church helped to support and construct a white supremacist country based on anti-black racism is WHITE SIN. When did the Christian church in the United States change and repent for this sin? In the imagination of the church, everyone is welcomed, but on paper, the theology is trapped in the past. Just as Pastor Giglio is saying, it is not a white privilege but is a white blessing.

If churches and congregations genuinely hope to have a real conversation about the ongoing protest on the street, it will take more than a few books, rallies, and the framing of slavery as a white benefit. As a first step, the church needs to truly rebuke the sinful actions of this country and the forefathers in actions that are in complete opposition to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. This is done through the hard work of reading the history and then seeking dialog and repentance from those communities that have continually been negatively affected by policies and laws after the Civil War only to benefit white people. 

For the church and Christians, these hard truths should lead to change systemically, and if not, then perhaps these places are not churches but social clubs where white people enjoy gathering on Sunday morning. 

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Yenny Delgado (she/her/ Ella)  Social psychologist and contextual theologian. She writes about the intersections between politics, faith, and resistance.

 Follow me on twitter @yennydc